{"id":26,"date":"2019-08-11T16:00:04","date_gmt":"2019-08-11T16:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alexskra.com\/blog\/?p=26"},"modified":"2019-08-11T16:12:49","modified_gmt":"2019-08-11T16:12:49","slug":"how-to-run-multiple-webservers-with-one-ip-address","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alexskra.com\/blog\/how-to-run-multiple-webservers-with-one-ip-address\/","title":{"rendered":"How to run multiple webservers with one IP-address"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>With only one public IP-address you&#8217;ll have to use different ports if you want to use multiple webservers. But that&#8217;s kind of useless as you can&#8217;t ask users to type example.com:81 in the browser instead of just example.com. So how do we solve this problem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use a reverse proxy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>By directing all traffic on port 81(HTTP) and 443(HTTPS) to a server running a reverse-proxy you&#8217;ll be able to choose what server the traffic should be forwarded to based on the host header that the browser sends with the request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/alexskra.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Untitled-Diagram.png\" alt=\"Graphic illustrating how we're gonna use HAProxy to run multiple servers with just one public IP-address.\" class=\"wp-image-34\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alexskra.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Untitled-Diagram.png 761w, https:\/\/alexskra.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Untitled-Diagram-300x138.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><figcaption>How we&#8217;re gonna use HAProxy to solve our problem.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>There is two popular proxy options: <strong>HAProxy <\/strong>and <strong>NGINX<\/strong>. In this guide we&#8217;ll be using HAProxy on Ubuntu 18.04. We will also set up Lets Encrypt to handle TLS-certificates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Install HAProxy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>HAProxy is easy to install, so let&#8217;s get to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# sudo apt update\nroot@tops-lamprey:~# sudo apt dist-upgrade\nroot@tops-lamprey:~# sudo apt install haproxy<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>So now we have haproxy installed and it&#8217;s time to configure it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Configuring HAProxy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p> In this setup we have two webservers each hosting a seperate website. <strong>Server 1<\/strong> with the IP-address <strong>10.0.0.10<\/strong> and <strong>Server 2<\/strong> with the IP-address <strong>10.0.0.20<\/strong>. <strong>Server 1 <\/strong>hosts <strong>example1.com<\/strong>, while <strong>Server 2<\/strong> hosts <strong>example2.com<\/strong>. Now it&#8217;s time to configure it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open the <em>\/etc\/haproxy\/haproxy.cfg<\/em> file and add a frontend and three backends to the bottom of the file like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>frontend http_front\n        bind :443 ssl crt \/etc\/haproxy\/certs\/ alpn h2,http\/1.1\n        bind :80\n        default_backend web_1\n\n        redirect scheme https code 301 if !{ ssl_fc }\n\n        # Use the web_encrypt backend if this is a request for domain verification.\n        acl is_letsencrypt path_beg -i \/.well-known\/acme-challenge\/\n        use_backend web_encrypt if is_letsencrypt\n\n        # Decide on what host to use\n        acl is_example1 hdr_end(host) -i example1.com\n        acl is_example2 hdr_end(host) -i example2.com\n\n        use_backend web_1 if is_example1\n        use_backend web_2 if is_example2\n\nbackend web_1\n        option forwardfor\n        server server1 10.0.0.10:80\n\nbackend web_2\n        option forwardfor\n        server server2 10.0.0.20:80\n\nbackend web_encrypt\n        server letsencrypt 127.0.0.1:8888\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently we have set the web_1 backend as the default, but you can set it to whatever fits you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Get ready for certificates and add a default one<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You&#8217;ll need a certificate folder that HAProxy can check for certificates, so let&#8217;s create one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# sudo mkdir \/etc\/haproxy\/certs<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>HAProxy needs a certificate in that folder to start and we don&#8217;t have any yet. Therefore we just create a self-signed one. You can just press enter on all fields:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# sudo openssl genrsa -out domain.key 2048 &amp;&amp;\nsudo openssl req -new -key domain.key -out domain.csr &amp;&amp;\nopenssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in domain.csr -signkey domain.key -out domain.crt &amp;&amp;\nsudo cat domain.key domain.crt >> \/etc\/haproxy\/certs\/aaaaa.default.pem &amp;&amp;\nrm domain.crt domain.csr domain.key<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you can restart HAProxy like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# sudo systemctl restart haproxy<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>And then access the IP of the server running HAProxy in the browser to check that you get a certificate warning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1048\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/alexskra.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Skjermdump-fra-2019-08-11-17-42-59.png\" alt=\"Firefox certificate warning.\" class=\"wp-image-35\"\/><figcaption>Did you get a warning? Then everything is going as planned.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create valid certificates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The proxy host will also run Let&#8217;s Encrypt certbot to create and renew certificates.  Since the proxy will handle all TLS\/HTTPS traffic for you, you&#8217;ll have to make sure the backends are using HTTP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First off, let&#8217;s install Let&#8217;s Encrypt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# sudo apt-get install software-properties-common &amp;&amp; sudo add-apt-repository universe &amp;&amp; sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot\/certbot &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get install certbot<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Then create a script that will be used to move new and renewed certificates into the <em>\/etc\/haproxy\/certs\/<\/em> folder. The script also needs to reload HAProxy to make use of the new certificates when they change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Create \/root\/renew.sh with the following content:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/sh\n\nset -e\n\nfor domain in $RENEWED_DOMAINS; do\n        TARGET_FILE=\"\/etc\/haproxy\/certs\/${domain}.pem\"\n        cat \"\/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/$domain\/fullchain.pem\" \\\n        \"\/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/$domain\/privkey.pem\" > $TARGET_FILE\n        chmod 400 $TARGET_FILE\ndone\n\nsystemctl reload haproxy.service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Then make it executable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# sudo chmod +x \/root\/renew.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Make sure this script is used when ceritificates are renewed by editing \/lib\/systemd\/system\/certbot.service like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>[Unit]\nDescription=Certbot\nDocumentation=file:\/\/\/usr\/share\/doc\/python-certbot-doc\/html\/index.html\nDocumentation=https:\/\/letsencrypt.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/\n[Service]\nType=oneshot\nExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/certbot -q renew --deploy-hook \/root\/renew.sh\nPrivateTmp=true<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Set up DNS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Make sure that both example1.com and example2.com points to the IP-address of HAProxy. It can take some time for the changes to come into effect, so give it some time to update.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Get valid certificates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you just have to get the certificates. Remember to replace &lt;your email&gt; with your own email:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# sudo certbot certonly --standalone --http-01-port 8888 --preferred-challenges \"http-01\" --agree-tos -m &lt;your email> -d example1.com --deploy-hook \/root\/renew.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root@tops-lamprey:~# certbot certonly --standalone --http-01-port 8888 --preferred-challenges \"http-01\" --agree-tos -m &lt;your email> -d example2.com --deploy-hook \/root\/renew.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Congratulations, you now have two webservers behind the same IP-address.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With only one public IP-address you&#8217;ll have to use different ports if you want to use multiple webservers. But that&#8217;s kind of useless as you can&#8217;t ask users to type example.com:81 in the browser instead of just example.com. So how do we solve this problem?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[5,3,4,6],"class_list":["post-26","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","tag-certbot","tag-haproxy","tag-letsencrypt","tag-ubuntu"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to run multiple webservers with one IP-address - ALEXSKRA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This guide shows you how to run multiple webservers behind a single IP-address with TLS(HTTPS) by using HAProxy and Let&#039;s Encrypt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alexskra.com\/blog\/how-to-run-multiple-webservers-with-one-ip-address\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to run multiple webservers with one IP-address - 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